Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 2137 Words

Topic Statement This discussion paper aims to highlight the importance of imaginary play for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Furthermore it aims to highlight the need for further research on the effectiveness of the Learn to Play program as an effective imaginary play intervention tool. What is imaginary play and what are the benefits? Many children with a diagnosis of ASD experience challenges within the areas of social interaction and communication (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This can lead to challenges developing social and communication skills needed for play, such as sharing, turn-taking, copying simple actions and responding to others (Raising Children Network, 2013). Engagement in play for a child is important, as it promotes the development of gross and fine motor skills, language and communication, thinking and problem solving and creativity (Kasari, Chang Patterson, 2013). Furthermore, a growing body of research has highlighted how play can influence social and emotional development in children with ASD (Hobson et al., 2013; Kasari, Chang Patterson, 2013; Lindsey Colwell, 2013; Rutherford Rogers, 2003). Play is a broad term, and there are several types of play (Stagnitti, 2014). Some of these include exploratory play, cause and effect play, functional play, constructive play and imaginar y play. Imaginary play may be defined as the combination of conventional-imaginative play, such as play with baby dolls and cars, with symbolicShow MoreRelatedChildren With Asd ( Autism Spectrum Disorder )2006 Words   |  9 Pagesconducted a study where children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) were asked to recognise biological motion through the use of PLDs (point light displays). They aimed to find whether high functioning children with autism showed the same specific problem with perceiving emotional material in PLDs in comparison to typically developing children. Secondly, they wanted to explore the degree performance on these tasks and whether it is comparable to high functioning adults with ASD. The use of PLDs depictedRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1144 Words   |  5 Pagespossible treatment practice for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Article starts off by talking about autism what it is and the diagnosis of it. It then goes into detai l to talk about AAI; AAI is an alternative intervention that has developed into treating all sorts of individuals with a range of medical issues and developmental issues. The article talks about the lack of evidence to support the programs on AAI and its effects on children with ADS. IT goes into detail identifying 20Read MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Diagnosis Of Children3145 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract: With the increase in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis of children in recent years, there is a greater need as educators to be more informed on the subject matter to assist children and their parents. According to a new study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the incidence of an autism spectrum disorders diagnosis is 10 times more likely than it was 10 years ago. Many experts believe that number will continue to rise. Thirty-four years ago it was estimated fourRead MoreSocial Communication Skills For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1500 Words   |  6 Pageseffects a toddler with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Throughout this article, the researchers looked deeply into social communication skills because toddlers with autism spectrum disorder tend to have limited speech, little to no social interactions, and have difficulty understanding gestures. It is important that these issues are identified at a young age so that they can receive therap y and/or training to objectively target social communication skills, because even though ASD is not curable it canRead MoreThe Factors That May Affect Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1869 Words   |  8 Pagesthe importance that a visual routine/chart plays in supporting children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)which will help to give a better understanding of the wide range of activities of a particular settings daily routine. There also be a creative resource that will be discussed within this report. The resource is a visual routine/chart. Additionally, it has been suggested by Williams, (2009) that a visual routine/chart is when children are presented with their day to day activities or task visuallyRead MoreThe Long Term Educational Needs Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1085 Words   |  5 PagesWhen in the early stages of learning how to teach children, many educational students often wonder about the long term educational needs of children on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We are often taught about the primary level of needs of children with ASD. But as our education focuses solely on the firs handful of years, we often do not know what happens to children with ASD after they leave elementary school. What happens to children with ASD and how many steps are involved in their transitionRead MoreEffective Intervention For Children And Adolescents Possessing A Diagnosis Of An Autis m Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )860 Words   |  4 PagesInterventions There is a wide range and much controversy surrounding the study and overall effectiveness of different interventions for children and adolescents possessing a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, regardless of the method of intervention, every intervention shares the common goal which focuses on improving functioning in one or a combination of the following areas: social, communication, behavior, and academic. Social functioning includes interaction with peersRead MoreA Difficult Challenge For Caregivers Of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Isn t Easy1720 Words   |  7 PagesFacing a difficult challenge for caregivers of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) isn t easy, yet it s hard due to the fact of deciding on the proper treatment plan for the child. Programs emphasizing usage of structured settings, tight stimulus control, and adult-directed instruction are labeled as current evidence that supports the early educational inte rventions which is based on the developmental and applied behavioral-analytic principles leading to the models that focus onRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1502 Words   |  7 Pagesby a disorder that affects the very things we need to fit in to society. The ability to be able to fit in, communicate and behave in proper ways, allows us to function, work and survive in life. For many children and adults, they live with a disorder that dictates these behaviors and language skills to be very different from the average American. These skills they are challenged with, make it very difficult to live independently. The disorder these individuals live with is called Autism SpectrumRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Autism Spectrum Disorders ( Asd )949 Words   |  4 Pages 1. What are the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)? As described in the textbook, there is a broad range of characteristics associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). One of the first characteristics noted with ASD is language deficits, or using language in â€Å"odd† ways. As stated in the textbook, â€Å"Children with classic autism may be nonverbal. Alternatively, they may have significant language difficulties, so that their language may consist primarily of echolalia or delayed

Human Beings and Happiness Essay - 1540 Words

Happiness is a major concern for human beings, and it comes as no surprise that history has yielded many explorations as to what happiness is, and how it can be achieved. These explorations of happiness can be traced back to the philosophical inquiries of classical times, to today’s psychological studies on happiness. While happiness itself is generally difficult to precisely define, the operational definition of happiness relates to what is known as subjective well-being (SWB). In psychological studies, it has been determined that individuals are best suited to assess their own happiness, hence the primacy of SWB. This is in contrast with previous notions of happiness that tie happiness to virtue or any other objective notion of†¦show more content†¦The identification of SWB also meant the identification of the factors that lead to happiness, namely wealth, social relationships, religion and personality, although more factors do exist as more research is done on happ iness. In the interest of this paper, wealth is the factor that is to be explored in terms of its relationship to happiness. Richard Easterlin, in his work â€Å"Does Money Buy Happiness† investigated the relationship between wealth and happiness. There is the common conception that money cannot buy happiness, but Easterlin’s research reveals a strong correlation between happiness and wealth. Utilizing surveys done across the world, Easterlin was able to conclude that an increase in wealth correlates to an increase in happiness: â€Å"This positive relation between happiness and income appears in every single one of the 30 national population surveys studied.† Specifically, Easterlin cites the December 1970 survey of the population, which revealed that those of low income, meaning $3000 or less annual income, only yielded a fourth saying that their SWB is very happy. In contrast, more than twice of the percentage gave the same response for those who have incomes of $15000 or more. This pattern is repeated in other surveys around the world. It does not matter whether the countries are C ommunist or not, or if the countries areShow MoreRelatedThe Well Being Aristotle And Human Happiness1000 Words   |  4 PagesOur Well-Being: Aristotle and Human Happiness What is the purpose of a human being? â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Nicomachean Ethics). When one thinks about happiness, these words said by Aristotle allow us to understand its significance. Through Aristotle’s teachings, he made it clear that the point of life is to be happy. Aristotle uses the word happiness as having to do with a person’s life as a whole, and not as the constant desireRead MoreAquinas View On Happiness1271 Words   |  6 PagesAquinas makes numerous claims regarding happiness. Specifically, Aquinas uses the term â€Å"happiness† in a sense of objective fulfillment, rather than subjective well-being. He asserts that human happiness does not consist in acquiring things such as money, honor, fame, power, goods of the body, or pleasure. He also claims that complete, i.e. perfect, happiness can only be achieved by contemplating God in the afterlife. I will discuss argum ents for, arguments against, and my opinion for both claimsRead MoreHannah Arendt And Hannah Arendts View Of Human Happiness1193 Words   |  5 Pageshope that by reaching their goals, they will obtain happiness and ultimately live a happy life. However, what constitutes as happiness will vary depending on who you ask. Likewise, depending on the person, their belief about how to attain happiness will also vary. This discrepancy about the meaning of happiness and the method of attaining happiness isn’t just present among common people—philosophers also have varying beliefs about what human happiness is and how it can be attained. Thomas Hobbes, anRead MoreDying Patient ´s Organs 1328 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Greatest Happiness Principle and how it measures the happiness of humans with the use of the three ingredients: consequentialism, hedonism, and impartiality and how this theory falls short to Kant’s. To begin, Mill would take the situation of Tom and Mary and say that Tom made the right choice in giving away Mary’s organs. Mill has a theory that all moral decisions should be chosen only to promote the greatest amount of happiness overall because that is the goal that all beings strive for. ThisRead MoreEssay about The Human Being and Living the Good Life1615 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Philosophy 1000C Final Paper The Human Being and Living The Good Life This paper contains the different definitions of what it means to be a human being and living a good life. In this paper we will take a look at Hobbes and Augustine’s definition of the human being and the good life. Both of these philosophers give examples of what they think the good life is, and the desires of human nature. In this paper I will talk about Augustine and his thought of how in order to live a good life,Read MoreEssay Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle1464 Words   |  6 Pages An Exposition of Aristotelian Virtues In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explores virtues as necessary conditions for being happy. A virtuous person is a person with a disposition toward virtuous actions and who derives pleasure from behaving virtuously. Aristotle distinguishes between two types of human virtue: virtues of thought and virtues of character. Virtues of thought are acquired through learning and include virtues like wisdom and prudence; virtues of character include bravery andRead MoreEssay On Socrates On Happiness1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe pursuit of happiness is a timeless and ageless endeavor. Since the beginning of time people have searched far and wide for the source of happiness. Even the greatest minds attempt to discover the basis of all human contentment. The father of philosophy, Socrates, was one of those few that might have unearthed the key to human happiness. His understanding shaped the way that the western world sees pleasure, joy, and happiness. His views on how to obtain them are sti ll alive today. Socrates livedRead MoreAristotle s Views On Happiness1505 Words   |  7 Pagespeoples lives is the virtue of happiness. He writes that one attains happiness by living a life of virtue - our definition is in harmony with those who say that happiness is virtue, or a particular virtue; because an activity in accordance with virtue implies virtue. Indeed, we may go further and assert that anyone who does not delight in fine actions is not even a good man.(Aristotle) A life of virtue implies a life of reasoning for the end goal of doing what is good. Human good is fulfilling and mostRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Understanding Happiness1201 Words   |  5 Pagesand Motivation In the pursuit of understanding happiness, there are two forms of theoretical perspectives called hedonic and eudemonic happiness. Each form of happiness represents the determinant of an individuals’ well-being. Hedonic happiness focus more on activities that bring individuals’ pleasure whereas, eudemonic happiness focus on the circumstances that influence people emotions and life’s expectations. Fisher (2010) defines hedonic happiness as the pursuit of pleasure. These pleasures mayRead MoreThe Means Of Being Happy Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesRomero Introduction to Happiness 10 December 2016 The Means of Being Happy Human happiness would be more widespread if everyone were to know how to achieve it, and choose to achieve it. Happiness, and the act of being happy, is not complex, but more a long process meant for a good person. Many authors over generations have been curious as to obtaining happiness, but in today’s world these authors0 are associated with happiness in connection to material goods. The true happiness comes from within and

My Brother - Personal Narrative Essay - 411 Words

My Brother - Personal Narrative My brother is the most influential person in my life. His name is Jim and he is 21 years old, leaving a 4 year gap in between the two of us. Most siblings are always quarreling, and never do anything together. My brother and I are most definitely not like that, we do everything together. Throughout my life I have modeled to be more like him, he is not only my older brother but my peer and my role model. When I was 5, I would follow my brother around everywhere, I was the pesky younger brother.†¦show more content†¦This could be seen as a good or a bad thing. I was exposed to many things I should not have been by hanging out with my brother and his friends, but this also helped me to mature earlier. There is a phase in the younger years of my generation’s lives when it is considered cool to smoke. At the age of 14 I was tempted by friends to smoke, but since I had been with my brother when he was tempted to smoke I knew it would be a bad decision to even try. Watching my brothers go through the trials of life has helped me to resist certain temptations that I otherwise might have gotten sucked into. I was able to see the mistakes he made and avoid those decisions in my life. I have always been in competition with my brother; I strive to be as good as or better at everything than he is. He was always bigger and faster than I was so if we wrestled I would get beat, and if we raced he would leave me in the dust. This instilled in me a drive to improve myself. My brother was not the brightest student. This compelled me to be as good a student as possible. If my age restrained me from being equals with my brother physically, I would have to strive hard in school to have better grades than he did. My brother and I are still very close, but now he is engaged. We don’t do everything together anymore; he has his own career and hopes to start a family of his own.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Brother Nick1036 Words   |  5 Pages One time my brother Nick and I were going to get ready to play a hard, and tiring football game with our friends. My brother and I were all ready and excited because we were on the same team. I was getting ready to receive the ball from the other team. We were ready to throw, run, and catch the ball while moving down my yard. We were both good at football, at least we thought we were. The other team was also ready for the beginning of the game. When they first kicked off, Nick and I got aRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Brother And My Father Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesMy parents remained together after my father was released and soon celebrated the birth of my little brother. Right before the blessed event of their bouncing baby boy, nuptials were recited. You would think this would be the start of a beautiful fairytale with opportunities falling abundantly, blessings overflowing, and everything was right with the world. Unfortunately, it did not happen in this manner. I remember being little having to move often because we could not pay the rent in the currentRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Brother s Keeper883 Words   |  4 PagesMy Brother’s Keeper Am I my brother’s keeper? I have continuously asked myself this question since I was a child. My understanding of the question continues to grow, as I get older and wiser. In my opinion, people are more inclined to develop thoughts about their legacies as they age. My case is no different. When I have the time to meditate and just think, I often wonder about it. How will others remember me? How did I affect the world? These questions, along with a burning desire to heal (in anyRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Brother s Death1534 Words   |  7 Pages1. Tell us about a personal challenge you have been faced with or have chosen to take on. What have you learned? How has this influenced your goals and perspectives?500 My brother Dakota’s death is a challenge that I face every day. I watched mental illness slowly take each piece of my brother’s mind away until he was a body with a shattered soul. I watched as my mother sobbed after hearing that he attempted suicide, which he attempted two times to my knowledge, but I suspect it had happened moreRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Brother, Sister, And I1051 Words   |  5 PagesMy brother, sister, and I were alone in our house. My parents were at work. That meant I had nothing to do. I tromped down the stairs in such a dreary state. I really wanted to do two things: go to my sixth grade open house tomorrow, and move my room around, which mom said I have to wait until Friday (three days from today) to do! At the end of summer, I always start to longingly wish for school to start, because I have nothing to do. Well, it isn’t exactly that I don’t have anything to do, but IRead MorePersonal Commentary On The Lives Of People Dif ferent From Ourselves1454 Words   |  6 Pages No one person sees the world in the same way, and no one person can completely understand the way someone else sees the world. This is why personal narratives are such an important piece of writing. They allow us to gain an understanding of things that we may never experience ourselves. This allows us to gain insight into the lives of people different from ourselves. By listening to the life stories of other people, we learn to better communicate with others. Every human on this planet hasRead More I Hate Narrative Essays1154 Words   |  5 Pagesa scant 4 hours and I had all week to do it. The radio had stopped working because my brother got on the Internet and thus cut off my connection. That was the least of my problems working on this paper. I got it done, though. My life changed with one trip of a teacher to the chalkboard and one phrase, narrative essay. God, I hate narrative essays. My day was going well. I devoured a big breakfast, my brother, for once, got out of the shower quick, and no major assignment was pending. Life wasRead MoreUse Of An Autoethnography For My Research Method1425 Words   |  6 PagesMethods I chose to use an autoethnography for my research method, as I will be reflecting on my own experiences, as well as my family’s, in dealing with drug abuse, which will be provided in narrative form. In this narrative, I will observe how the lack of communication about available resources within the community negatively impacted my family, and how it impacts other families in the Mid-South. I will be making evaluative and reformist claims, as I will be evaluating the value of the communicationsRead MoreHarmony at Home1225 Words   |  5 PagesSoto. â€Å"Looking for Work† is a narrative of a nine year old Mexican American boy who really desires his family to be the perfect family. His assertion is that he is looking back on his childhood, but tells the story as a child’s point of view. The narrative is placed in the nineteen fifty’s, and focuses on his family experience. The essay indicates the boy lives with his mother, sister, and brother. The boy is the middle child in the family, and he has an older brother and a younger sister. The familyRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison1409 Words   |  6 Pagesnarrator’s original inner conflict at the end of a personal narrative. Situated in a hidden underground cellar, the main character, the Invisible Man recounts the journey of his naive youth from the American south to the seemingly optimistic north in Harlem, New York. However, through several unjust experiences, the Invisible Man doubts the possibility of hope and action, withdrawing from society by hiding in recluse and writing a personal narrative. The literary implications of the Invisible Man’s

Data Mining Information About Data - 2882 Words

Abstract— Data Mining extracts useful information about data. In other words, Data Mining extracts the knowledge or interesting information from large set of structured data that are from different sources. Data mining applications are used in a range of areas such as it is used for financial data analysis, retail and telecommunication industries, banking, health care and medicine. In health care, the data mining is mainly used for disease prediction. In data mining, there are several techniques have been developed and used for predicting the diseases that includes data preprocessing, classification, clustering, association rules and sequential patterns. This paper analyses the performance of two classification techniques such as Bayesian†¦show more content†¦The medical data processing has the high potential in medical domain for extracting the hidden patterns within the dataset [15]. These patterns are used for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. The medical data are generally distributed, heterogeneous and voluminous in nature. An important problem in medical analysis is to achieve the correct diagnosis of certain important information. This paper describes classification algorithms and it is used to analyze the performance of these algorithms. The accuracy measures are True Positive (TP) rate, F Measure, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) area and Kappa Statistics. The error measures are Mean Absolute Error (M.A.E), Root Mean Squared Error (R.M.S.E), Relative Absolute Error (R.A.E) and Relative Root Squared Error (R.R.S.E) [5]. Section 2 explains the literature review; Section 3 describes the classification algorithms. Experimental results are analyzed in section 4 and section 5 illustrates the conclusion of this paper. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Dr. S.Vijayarani et al., [11] determined the performance of various classification techniques in data mining for predicting the heart disease from the heart disease dataset. The classification algorithms is used and tested in this work. The performance factors evaluate the efficiency of algorithms, clustering accuracy and error rate. The result illustrates LOGISTICS classification function efficiency is better than multilayer perception and sequential

Treating Your Sweet Tooth Free Essays

Abigail Young Mrs. Spar English III Compare/Contrast Essay (2nd draft) February 22, 2013 Treating Your Sweet Tooth The debate about ice cream versus frozen yogurt (froyo) is spreading like a wildfire. People looking at the differences; what they do not know is how they are also similar. We will write a custom essay sample on Treating Your Sweet Tooth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ice cream and frozen yogurt have both similarities and differences when it comes to their history, ingredients and nutrition. Before ice cream was known as ice cream, many ancient civilizations served mixtures of ice (or snow from the mountains) with juices, milks, spices and fruits. This became a major delicacy around the world, this delicacy soon became known as sorbet and was eaten by many people who could afford it. Soon after, sorbet became known as ice cream, which was introduced to America by the Quaker colonists who brought their ice cream recipes with them as they immigrated to the United States. After hearing about a delicacy that was similar to ice cream, frozen yogurt was first introduced to England and became more of a sensation. Frozen yogurt also being sweet and creamy but contained less calories. The northeast, USA was introduced to frozen yogurt in the 1970’s. In the 1980’s is when frozen yogurt really took off, reaching sales of $25 million in 1986. In the early 1990’s, frozen yogurt was 10% of the frozen dessert market. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia) The main ingredient in ice cream is, obviously, cream. Ice cream contains more than 10% milk fat and more then 20% milk solids. Nowadays, one can find low-fat ice creams with half the fat. In addition, ice cream contains sweeteners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, gelatin, high fructose corn syrup, flavorings, water, and air. Air gives ice cream the volume. Unlike ice cream, frozen yogurt’s main ingredient is yogurt made from milk. So much like ice cream, frozen yogurt also contains milk solids, milk fats, sweeteners, yogurt culture, emulsifiers, stabilizers, gelatin, high fructose corn syrup, flavorings, water, and air. Air, much like ice cream, gives frozen yogurt its volume. In addition, ice crean and frozen yogurt are very similar when it comes to nutrition. Neither of them are very nutritous but are both very satisfying to your sweet tooth. Although frozen yogurt is lighter in calories and fat, frozen yogurt is not a heathier alternative to ice cream. One needs to be smart with how much ice cream he is eating. Also, one should watch what he is putting on top of his yogurt, making either the ice cream or frozen yogurt less in fat, sugar and calories. Different in many ways, ice cream and frozen yogurt are both, needless to say, delicious. Although different in their history, ingredients and their nutritional value, one does not want to eat a lot of both them. Both are acceptable every once in a while to enjoy. How to cite Treating Your Sweet Tooth, Essay examples

Effective Business Communication Cultures

Question: Discuss about the Effective Business Communication Cultures. Answer: Introduction: In the cotemporary world of rising globalization, the business organizations have been experiencing an immense issue to communicate with the people from different cultures. As the culture is a major conditioner of the human perspectives, any individual from different culture inherits different ways of interpretation, hearing, seeing as well as thinking. In addition to that, there are numbers of different languages, which poses greater problem for mutual communication between two individuals from different culture. The communication model play a significant role in resolving these issues rose from cultural differences. Lewis Model has been highly popular in maintaining organizational stability and growth in multicultural context. The current report will reveal the role of Lewis model in resolving communication issues from cultural differences. Cultural Barriers to Effective Communication: The extensive study on the cultural problem with regards to communication has revealed that there are three major constraints, which interfere with effective cross-cultural understanding. These constraints are cognitive constraints, behaviour constraints as well as emotional constraints (Kinloch Metge, 2014). The cognitive constraints refer to the framework, every culture provides, by which an individual discern every information of the real world. For example, low voice can be interpreted as weakness in various cultures, whereas in other culture it can be interpreted as politeness (Ulijn, 2017). At the same time, behaviour constraints refer to the rules of standard behaviour set by different culture (Bochner, 2013). For instance, the hugging can be considered as camaraderie in one culture, while in others it can be considered as violation of personal space. On the other hand, the emotional constraints are known by different levels of emotional display in different culture. Some cul tures express greater level of emotion while debating an issue, while other try to exhibit rational aspects of the situation. All of these constraints immensely hinder the effective communication by creating a number of interferences (Asante, Miike Yin, 2013). One of the most important barriers noted in the communication is language barriers. The practice of different language in different culture creates greater chance of misunderstanding at the time of communication. Sometimes, certain culture holds assumptions regarding any particular trait of other cultures. These stereotypes often noted as being hostile, and creates multitude of problems during the communication (Adler Graham, 2017). The practice of different belief system also creates unnecessary image of others. Lewis Model: British linguist Richard Lewis has been able to plot the world cultures on a chart. The scholars of the cultural study believe that the model of Lewis has been quite effective to identify the distinct traits of various cultures (Rice Nguyen, 2015). The Lewis model plots the countries on three categories, which are linear active, multi-active as well as reactive. The traits of these categories are described below: Linear active: This category signifies the people who pursue action chain, organize, schedule and plan. The group includes German and Swiss. Multi-active: This particular category reveals the lively, loquacious people, which include Arabs, Latin Americans as well as Italians. Figure 1: Lewis Model of Culture (Source: Ronen Shenkar, 2013) Reactive: This category involves the people who emphasize on the courtesy and respect. This group includes Finns, Japanese as well as Chinese. The behaviours of these categories are mentioned in the following table. Linear-Active Multi-Active Reactive Talks very limited time Talks maximum time Listen maximum time Performs one task at a time Performs several tasks at a time Depends on the action of the Partners Focus on strict planning Focus on brief outline Emphasize on principles Direct but polite Emotional Polite and indirect Role of Lewis model in resolving communication issues: According to Lewis, an individual can calculate and foresee the possible reaction of others by focusing on their cultural roots of national behaviour (Stahl Tung, 2015). The cultural roots would be also effective for making any assumption with regards to their possible approach in any situation. The implementation of the Lewis model immensely improves the accuracy of management in the global world (Ferraro Brody, 2015). It has been identified that every cross cultural communication needs a certain degree of knowledge about the partners cultures. It has been observed that most of the time, misunderstanding occurs due to misunderstanding of different cultural traits. The Lewis model effectively provides a greater opportunity to understand the traits in different culture. The model provides a greater insight to the organization in the context of making any move in different cultural environment. The organization can evaluate the moves in the light of Lewis model (Edwards, Davey Armst rong, 2013). This way they would be able to assume the reaction of general populace. The business communication is also greatly supported by this model. The organization attains a proper understanding of the customer base and plans their business approach with greater success. In addition to that, Lewis Model is also quite effective in the context of negotiation. The management would be able to plan their way out quite efficiently as they would be successfully assume the opponents approach. In other words, the Lewis Model has the capability to enhance the cross cultural communication, whether it is one to one interactive communication or the business communication with target audiences. Conclusion: The above-described report has successfully disclosed the cross-cultural issues in the context of communication. It has been identified that there are three major constraints, which interfere with effective cross-cultural understanding. These constraints are cognitive constraints, behaviour constraints as well as emotional constraints. The report has been also able to describe the Lewis model which would be most effective for cross cultural communication. The Lewis model plots the countries on three categories, which are linear active, multi-active as well as reactive. The report has been successful to depict the traits of individual category. The report also discussed the role of Lewis model in cross cultural communication. References: Adler, N. J., Graham, J. L. (2017). Cross-cultural Interaction: The International Comparison Fallacy?. In Language in International Business (pp. 33-58). Springer International Publishing. Asante, M. K., Miike, Y., Yin, J. (2013). The global intercultural communication reader. Routledge. Bochner, S. (Ed.). (2013). Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction (Vol. 1). Elsevier. Edwards, J. R., Davey, J., Armstrong, K. (2013). Returning to the roots of culture: A review and re-conceptualisation of safety culture. Safety science, 55, 70-80. Ferraro, G., Brody, E. K. (2015). Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Kinloch, P., Metge, J. (2014). Talking past each other: Problems of cross cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Rice, W. S., Nguyen, H. B. (2015). Linguistic politeness: the backbone of cross-cultural communication within a second language environment. Ronen, S., Shenkar, O. (2013). Mapping world cultures: Cluster formation, sources and implications. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(9), 867-897. Stahl, G. K., Tung, R. L. (2015). Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(4), 391-414. Ulijn, J. M. (2017). The Anglo-Germanic and Latin concepts of politeness and time in cross-atlantic business communication: from cultural misunderstanding to management success. HERMES-Journal of Language and Communication in Business, 8(15), 53-79.

Lactation for Preterm Infants-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: How can midwives help mothers of preterm Infants to establish lactation? Answer: Lactation for Preterm Infants Breast milk is suitable for the nutritional needs of the baby as it protects it from illness. Children born prematurely have different nutritional needs from full- term babies. Preterm infants need more proteins as compared to full term infants (McInnes Chambers, 2015). Therefore, it is important for mothers of preterm infants to provide them with breast milk in order to meet their nutritional needs. However, based on the fact that preterm infants cannot breastfeed fully, midwives can help mothers to express milk from the mothers an d feed the infants using cups, bottles, or tubes running through their nose into the stomach (Nyqvist, 2016). In this case, midwives should educate and exhibit to the mothers on how to express milk from their breast, which can be done by either electric pump or hand. Further, midwives can help mothers offer kangaroo care to their babies. Kangaroo care is beneficial to both the mother and the baby. The infant benefits from skin- to- skin comfort, which enhances bonding while it helps the mother produce more milk for the baby (McInnes Chambers, 2015). In conclusion, breastfeeding a premature baby is a complicated skill. However, with the help midwives, mothers are able to learn the skills on how to breastfeed their babies appropriately. For instance, midwives play a significant role of training mothers on how to express milk from their breasts for the baby, which is indispensable for the baby. References McInnes, R. J., Chambers, J. A. (2015). Supporting breastfeeding mothers: a qualitative synthesis.Journal of advanced nursing,62(4), 407-427. Nyqvist, K. H. (2016). Early attainment of breastfeeding competence in very preterm infants.Acta paediatric,97(6), 776-781.